Professorship of the Cluster of Excellence – International Relations and Theories of Global Order

Prof. Dr. Nicole Deitelhoff

(period of the cluster professorship 2009-2012)

The Cluster Professorship “International Relations and Theories of Global Orders” has been involved in a number of research projects dealing with questions of order formation, the transformation of global (sub-)orders and the interactions between different orders (national – global; regional – global). In the following, the individual projects are briefly outlined, their contribution to the cluster topic is shown and an overview of the resulting publications is given.

All of the professorship’s projects dealt with questions of the legitimacy (and legality) of normative orders beyond the nation state, particularly with regard to values such as justice and democracy, but also with aspects of governance in the narrower sense. For example, the EU joint project “Reconstituting Democracy in Europe” asked how democratic control and self-determination can be guaranteed or restored in the complex multi-level system of the EU. The RECON research network investigated this central question in various areas (“work packages”). Nicole Deitelhoff worked on the areas of “Foreign and Security Policy” and “Theoretical Foundations” and attempted to show that the CFSP can contribute to communitization through the use of softer governance mechanisms. Thorsten Thiel also worked on the EU in his completed dissertation on “Republicanism and the European Union”. The thrust of his dissertation was to examine modern republican theories as a continuation of the previously discussed questions on the democratic quality of the EU.

The dissertation has been published as Thorsten Thiel (2012): Republicanism and the European Union. A redefinition of the discourse on the legitimacy of European governance (Publication series of the Political Theory and History of Ideas Section of the German Political Science Association, vol. 22.), Baden-Baden: Nomos.

Further results were published as:
Thiel, Thorsten (2013): Politics, Freedom and Democracy – Hannah Arendt and Modern Republicanism, in: Schulze Wessel, Julia/Volk, Christian/Salzborn, Samuel (eds.), Ambivalences of order. The state in Hannah Arendt’s thinking , Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
*Thiel, Thorsten (2012): “Coleman, Stepen and Jay G. Blumler: “The Internet and Democratic Citizenship”; Dahlgren, Peter: “Media and Political Engagement”; Earl, Jennifer and Kartina Kimport: “Digitally Enabled Social Change. Activism in the Internet Age” (collective review), in: Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 53(4), 697-701.

The radical criticism of institutions and norms of the global normative order by dissident actors was the focus of a DFG research group “International Dissidence. Domination and Resistance in Global Politics”, under the leadership of Nicole Deitelhoff and Christopher Daase. In this context, four of the individual projects, including Nicole Deitelhoff’s project on radicalization processes within transnational movement groups, received additional funding. Since then, these four projects have been working together as a research network under the umbrella of the Cluster of Excellence. This network examines the question of what significance dissidence has for the structure of international society, what forms it takes and how people react to it.
Two other projects investigated the democratization of the global normative order. In her dissertation on “Setting new standards: an assessment of the potential of Contestation to improve the democratic quality of global governance”, Mariana Laeger explores the extent to which social movements produce alternative policy mechanisms that have the potential to democratize global politics. She also cooperated with Prof. Steffek in a project on “Transnational governance networks and democracy: what are the standards?”, in which they investigated whether the governance services provided by transnational networks are an enrichment or a threat to the democratic quality of global governance. The interim results have been published as: Gomes Pereira, Mariana (2011): “Transnational Governance Networks and Democracy: What Are the Standards?”, in: Olaf Dilling/Martin Herberg/Gerd Winter (eds.): Transnational Administrative Rule-Making: Performance, Legal Effects and Legitimacy, Oxford: Hart, 281-304 (with Jens Steffek).

Finally, policy field-specific analyses were also carried out on the questions raised above. In her dissertation, Linda Wallbott examines the discursive mediation of justice arguments in international negotiations on climate and biodiversity policy. Partial results of the project have been published as: *Deitelhoff, Nicole/ Wallbott, Linda (2012): “Beyond soft balancing. Small states and coalition building in the ICC and Climate negotiations”, in: Cambridge Review of International Affairs 25(3), 345-366; *Wallbott, Linda (2014): “Keeping discourses separate: explaining the non-alignment of climate politics and human rights norms by small island states in UN climate negotiations”, in: Cambridge Review of International Affairs 27(4), 736-760; *Wallbott, Linda (2014): ”Indigenous Peoples in UN REDD+ Negotiations: “Importing Power” and Lobbying for Rights through Discursive Interplay Management”, in: Ecology and Society (19)1, Art.21.

In her project on “State failure, terrorism, and the use of force: implications for the international legal order”, Dr. Theresa Reinold investigated the legality of military interventions in states that do not effectively control their territory and thus become a breeding ground for transnational terrorism. Results of this project have been published as: *Reinold, Theresa (2011): ‘State Weakness, Irregular Warfare, and the Right to Self-Defense Post-9/11’, in American Journal of International Law 105(2), 244-286; *Reinold, Theresa (2011): The United States and the Responsibility to Protect: Impediment, Bystander, or Norm Leader? in: Global Responsibility to Protect 3(1) 2011, 61-87; *Reinold, Theresa (2010): “The Responsibility to Protect: Much Ado about Nothing?” in: Review of International Studies 36: Special Issue S1, 55-78.

Two projects by Nicole Deitelhoff were also located in the policy field of security and examined the security of the state. The central research interest in these projects was the consequences of the increasing privatization and internationalization of security tasks for the modern state. In the project on the “Internationalization and Privatization of Security Policy” and its implications for democratic theory, the simultaneous internationalization and privatization in the security and defence policy of Western democracies were examined comparatively together with Anna Geis. In doing so, they were able to show that in many cases a governmental technique is emerging here with which states attempt to gain more autonomy of action vis-à-vis their parliaments and the public. Nevertheless, over time and depending on the extent of privatization, there is a loss of control that could also endanger the state’s monopoly on the use of force in the long term. This threat becomes much clearer when it is no longer a question of consolidated welfare states, but of weak states or zones of limited statehood. Although private services and goods production are more urgently needed in these states than in consolidated states, they also have a much greater potential to undermine the state’s monopoly on the use of force (which is often only weakly established anyway). In the Thyssen project “Private actors in conflict zones”, Nicole Deitelhoff and Klaus Dieter Wolf investigated this problem by analyzing the strong role of private economic actors in conflict zones in areas of limited statehood. The aim was to find out how the relationship between public and private is changing in the provision of security and what governance services transnational companies provide in conflict zones.

Publications:

*Deitelhoff, Nicole/Zürn, Michael (2015): “Internationalization and the State. Sovereignty as the External Side of Modern Statehood”, in: Stephan Leibfried, Evelyne Huber, Matthew Lange, Jonah D. Levy, and John D. Stephens (eds.): The Oxford Handbook of Transformations of the State, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Deitelhoff, Nicole (2014): “Protest and the democratic question”, in: WestEnd: Neue Zeitschrift für Sozialforschung 2013/2, 62-68.
Deitelhoff, Nicole/Daase, Christopher (2014): On the Reconstruction of Global Rule from Resistance, International Dissidence Working Paper 1/2014.
*Deitelhoff, Nicole/Zimmermann, Lisbeth (2014): “From the Heart of Darkness. Critical Reading and Genuine Listening in Constructivist Norm Research”, in: World Political Science Review 10(1), 17-31 (reprint).
*Deitelhoff, Nicole/Zimmermann, Lisbeth (2013): “Aus dem Herzen der Finsternis. Kritisches Lesen und wirkliches Zuhören der konstruktivistischen Normenforschung”, in: Journal of International Relations 20(1), 61-74.
*Deitelhoff, Nicole (2013): “Scheitert die Norm der Schutzverantwortung? Norm application and norm justification in the dispute over the responsibility to protect”, in: Die Friedenswarte 88(1), 17-40.
*Deitelhoff, Nicole/Wolf, Klaus Dieter (2013): “Business and Human Rights: How Norm Violators become Norm Entrepreneurs”, in: Thomas Risse/Stephen Ropp/Kathryn Sikkink (eds.): From Commitment to Compliance. The Persistent Power of Human Rights Cambridge: University Press.
Deitelhoff, Nicole/Daase, Christopher (2013): “Internationale Dissidenz – Ein Forschungsprogramm”, in: Junk, Julian/ Volk, Christian (eds.): Macht und Widerstand in der globalen Politik, Baden-Baden: Nomos, 163- 175.
Deitelhoff, Nicole/Zimmermann, Lisbeth (2013): Things We Lost in the Fire. How Different Types of Contestation Affect the Validity of International Norms, HSFK Arbeitspapiere, 18/2013, Frankfurt/M.
Deitelhoff, Nicole (2013): “Much Ado About Nothing? Justification narratives in political negotiation processes”. In: Andreas Fahrmeir (ed.): Justification narratives. Justification narratives. On the justification of normative order through narratives (Series: Normative Orders Vol. 7), Frankfurt/M.: Campus, 101-116.
Deitelhoff, Nicole/Zürn, Michael (2013): “Die Internationalen Beziehungen – ein Überblick”, in: Manfred G. Schmidt/Wolf, Frieder/Wurster, Stefan (eds.), Studienbuch Politikwissenschaft, 381- 410.
Deitelhoff, Nicole/Wolf, Klaus Dieter (2013): “Wirtschaftsunternehmen in Konflikten: The interplay of state and societal (de)politicization of private security services”, in: Ecker-Erhardt, Matthias/ Zürn, Michael (eds.):Die Politisierung der Weltpolitik, Berlin: Suhrkamp, 158- 189.
*Deitelhoff, Nicole/Wallbott, Linda (2012): “Beyond Soft Balancing. Small states and coalition-building in the ICC and Climate Negotiations”, in: Cambridge Review of International Studies 25(3), 345-366.
*Deitelhoff, Nicole (2012): “Empty promises? Deliberation and Opposition in the Context of Transnational Legitimacy Politics”, in: Leviathan, special issue “The Rise of Legitimacy Politics” 27, 63-82.
Deitelhoff, Nicole/Fischer-Lescano, Andreas (2012): “Politik und Recht der privaten Sicherheit, in: Peter Mayer/Andreas Fischer-Lescano (eds.): Privatisierung und Internationalisierung von Recht und Sicherheit, Frankfurt/M.: Campus.
Deitelhoff, Nicole (2012): “Is Fair Enough? Legitimation internationaler Regierens durch deliberative Verfahren”, in: Niesen, Peter (ed.), Transnationale Gerechtigkeit und Demokratie, Frankfurt/M: Campus, 103-130.
*Deitelhoff, Nicole/Wisotzki, Simone/Wolff, Jonas (2011): “Frieden first: The Work of Harald Müller on the Road to Just Peace Governance”, in Claudia Baumgart-Ochse/Niklas Schörnig/Simone Wisotzki/Jonas Wolff (eds.), On the way to Just Peace Governance. Contributions to the launch of the HSFK’s new research program Baden-Baden: Nomos, 27-44.
Deitelhoff, Nicole/Geis, Anna (2011): ‘Beyond the Taboos? The Privatization of the Military”, in: Nina Leonhardt/Jacqueline Werkner (eds.): Military Sociology. An introduction Heidelberg: VS-Verlag, 139-157.
Deitelhoff, Nicole (2011): “Gerechtigkeit und Frieden durch den internationalen Strafgerichtshof?” in: Joseph Braml/Thomas Risse/Eberhard Sandschneider (eds.): Einsatz für den Frieden. Sicherheit und Entwicklung in Räumen begrenzter Staatlichkeit, DGAP-Jahrbuch Internationale Politik, Oldenbourg: De Gruyter, 287-294.
Deitelhoff, Nicole/Wolf, Klaus Dieter (2011): “Business in Zones of Conflict: an Emergent Corporate Security Responsibility?”, in: Aurora Voiculescu/Helen Yanacopulos (eds.), London/New York: Zed Books, 166-187.
*Deitelhoff, Nicole (2010): “Parallele Universen oder Verschmelzung der Horizonte”, in: Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen 17(2), 279-292.
*Deitelhoff, Nicole/Wolf, Klaus Dieter (eds.) (2010): Corporate Security Responsibility? Corporate Governance Contributions to Peace and Security in Zones of Conflict Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
*Deitelhoff, Nicole (2010): “Private Security and Military Companies: The other Side of Business and Conflict”, in: Nicole Deitelhoff/Klaus Dieter Wolf (eds.): Corporate Security Responsibility, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 177-201.
*Deitelhoff, Nicole/Wolf, Klaus Deiter (2010): “Corporate Security Responsibility? Corporate Governance Contributions to Peace and Security in Zones of Conflict”, in: Corporate Security Responsibility?, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1-25.
*Deitelhoff, Nicole/Feil, Moira/Fischer, Susanne/Haidvogl, Andreas/Wolf, Klaus Dieter/Zimmer, Melanie (2010): “Business in Zones of Conflict and Global Security Governance: What has Been Learnt and Where to from here?”, in Nicole Deitelhoff and Klaus Dieter Wolf (eds.): Corporate Security Responsibility, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 202-226.
*Deitelhoff, Nicole/Wagner, Wolfgang/Peters, Dirk (2010): “Parliaments and European security policy. Mapping the parliamentary field”, in: European Integration Online Papers (EIOP) 14: 1,http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2010-012a.htm.
*Deitelhoff, Nicole/Geis, Anna (2010): “Entkernen sich der Leviathan? The organizational and functional retooling of military and defence policy in Western democracies”, in: Leviathan 38(3), 389-410.
Deitelhoff, Nicole/Steffek, Jens (eds.) (2009): “What remains of the state? Opportunities and aporias of law, constitution and democracy beyond the nation state “, Frankfurt/M.: Campus.
Deitelhoff, Nicole/Wolf, Klaus Dieter (2009): “Der Widerspenstigen Selbst-Zähmung? On the Professionalization of International Relations in Germany”, in: Politische Vierteljahresschrift 50(3), 451-475.
*Deitelhoff, Nicole (2009): “The Discursive Process of Legalization. Charting Islands of Persuasion in the ICC case”, in: International Organization 63(1), 33-66.
*Deitelhoff, Nicole (2009): “Isolated Hegemon: The Creation of the International Criminal Court, ICC”, in: Kendall Stiles/Stefan Brem (eds.): Cooperating without America. Theories and Case Studies of Non-Hegemonic Regimes London: Routledge, 147-172.
Deitelhoff, Nicole (2009): “Grenzen der Verständigung. On the preconditions for containing cultural fragmentation in international governance”, in: Nicole Deitelhoff/Jens Steffek (eds.), What remains of the state? Democracy, law and constitution in the global age, Frankfurt/M.: Campus, 187-220.
Deitelhoff, Nicole/Steffek, Jens (2009): “Einleitung: Staatlichkeit ohne Staat. Chancen und Aporien von Recht, Verfassung und Demokratie jenseits des Nationalstaats”, in: “, in: Nicole Deitelhoff/Jens Steffek (eds.), What remains of the state? Democracy, law and constitution in the global age Frankfurt/M.: Campus, 7-34.
Deitelhoff, Nicole (2009): “Demokratische Legitimitätschancen transnationaler Verhandlungssysteme”, in: Hauke Brunkhorst (ed.), Demokratie in der Weltgesellschaft (Sonderheft Soziale Welt).
*Deitelhoff, Nicole/Geis, Anna (2009): Securing the State, Undermining Democracy, TranState Working Paper, University of Bremen.
*Deitelhoff, Nicole (2009): The Business of Security and the Transformation of the State, TranState Working Paper, University of Bremen.