Former Fellow

Clifford Ando

Professor at the Department of Classics, History and Law at the University of Chicago

Research project:
Tolerance in Roman antiquity

Research project:
To what extent can we speak of tolerance and religious pluralism as a justification narrative in Roman antiquity? The fellowship deals with imperial Rome in the 3rd century and thus with a phase in which it is possible to observe how an increasingly monotheistic religion with universal claims established itself in a world in which the coexistence of different religions appeared to be a matter of course. The first persecutions of Christians took place during this period, and Christians also put forward arguments that play a major role in the history of the idea of tolerance. The Christians’ fight for their religious freedom was of great importance for later justification narratives of tolerance. For a time, allowing the worship of many gods was an important justification for imperial rule in a religiously diverse empire. What favored this new form of justification through religious pluralism and why did this phase end so quickly? These and other questions will be discussed in this research project.

Events:
Seminar with Prof. Dr. Hartmut Leppin, 15 July 2015, 3 p.m.
Tolerance in Antiquity

  • Biografische Angaben

    Clifford Ando is a professor in the Department of Classics, History and Law at the University of Chicago. His research focuses on the history of religion, law and statehood in the Roman Empire. He is particularly interested in the categories of citizenship, legal pluralism and tolerance as well as the relationship between civil law, public law and international law in the Roman legal tradition. Clifford Ando has been a fellow and visiting professor at universities in Canada, France, Germany, New Zealand, South Africa and the USA. He studied at Princeton and received his doctorate from the University of Michigan.
  • Publikationen

    Empire, state and communicative action, in: Christine Kuhn (Hrsg.), Politische Kommunikation und öffentliche Meinung in der antiken Welt, Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2012, S. 219-229. Die Riten der Anderen, in: Mediterraneo Antico 15.1-2 2012, S. 31-50. Pluralism and Empire, from Rome to Robert cover, in: Critical Analysis of Law: An International & Interdisciplinary Law Review 1 2014, S. 1-22.

News from the research center

Event
13.11.2026 | Frankfurt am Main

When Design Gets Political

Exhibition, Conference, Panel Discussion, Lecture, Workshop

Der dritte Tag der Design Policy Days an der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt richtet sich an alle, die Design als politische Kraft denken. Gemeinsam mit dem Deutschen Designtag und der World Design Capital 2026 widmet er sich in Roundtables, Projektpräsentationen, Workshops und Ausstellungen der institutionellen Politik: Wie lässt sich Design methodisch, strukturell und normativ in politische Entscheidungsprozesse integrieren – und wie kann Politik selbst als Gestaltungsfeld verstanden werden?

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Event
20.10.2026 | Frankfurt

Dr. h.c. Gerhard Wiese – Wirken als Ankläger im Auschwitz Prozess

Movie, Panel Discussion

Der Frankfurter Auschwitz-Prozess von 1963 bis 1965 gilt als ein zentraler Wendepunkt in der juristischen und öffentlichen Auseinandersetzung mit den nationalsozialistischen Verbrechen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Dr. h.c. Gerhard Wiese, der als junger Staatsanwalt zum Anklägerteam des Prozesses gehörte, berichtet aus seiner Perspektive auf die damaligen Ermittlungen und die Hauptverhandlung. Im Gespräch mit der Historikerin Dr. Katharina Rauschenberger (Fritz Bauer Institut) wird die Bedeutung des Prozesses für die strafrechtliche Aufarbeitung der NS-Verbrechen in den Blick genommen.

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Publication
21.09.2026 | Working Paper

Dimensionen wehrhafter Demokratie in unsicheren Zeiten

Abich, Leon; Adams, Cosima; Biebricher, Thomas; Britz, Gabriele; Daase, Christopher; Deitelhoff, Nicole; Dönges, Jan; Krause, Leon; Nitzschner, Patrick; Siebert, Hannes; Siefert, Julian; Stephanblome, Isabelle (2026): "Dimensionen wehrhafter Demokratie in unsicheren Zeiten". DemoReg Working Paper 3.1.

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Event
10.02.2027 | Frankfurt am Main

Shifting Visions of Peace and Security

Panel Discussion, Lecture Series

Podiumsdiskussion im Rahmen der Ringvorlesung “Peace and Security in Post-Liberal Times” mit Lisbeth Zimmermann (Goethe University/Normative Orders), Antonia Witt (PRIF), Siddarth Tripathi (University of Erfurt). Moderation: Jonas Wolff (Goethe University/PRIF/Normative Orders).

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Event
03.02.2027 | Frankfurt am Main

AI, War, and Big Tech

Lecture Series, Lecture

Vortrag von Ingvild Bode (University of Southern Denmark)im Rahmen der Ringvorlesung “Peace and Security in Post-Liberal Times”.

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Event
16.12.2026 | Frankfurt am Main

International arms control in a world of uncertainties

Lecture Series, Lecture

Vortrag von Malte Göttsche (TU Darmstadt/PRIF) im Rahmen der Ringvorlesung “Peace and Security in Post-Liberal Times”.

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Event
02.12.2026 | Frankfurt am Main

Enabling Authoritarianism: UN Peacekeeping and the Politics of Authoritarianism

Lecture Series, Lecture

Vortrag von Sarah von Billerbeck (University of Reading) im Rahmen der Ringvorlesung “Peace and Security in Post-Liberal Times”.

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Event
25.11.2026 | Frankfurt

Deterrence in “Post-Liberal Times“

Lecture Series, Lecture

Vortrag von Maria Mälksoo (Copenhagen University) (Goethe-Universität/PRIF/Normative Orders) im Rahmen der Ringvorlesung “Peace and Security in Post-Liberal Times”.

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Event
18.11.2026 | Frankfurt am Main

The Case for (Neo)colonialism: Neotrusteeship in International Relations as the ‘Imperial Mind’ of the ‘Colonial Present’

Lecture Series, Lecture

Vortrag von Nick Lemay-Hébert (Manchester University) im Rahmen der Ringvorlesung “Peace and Security in Post-Liberal Times”.

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